In my work with software development and QA, I’ve learned that many bugs only show up when an application is used as a whole, rather than in isolated parts. That’s why end-to-end testing is so valuable — it simulates real user flows across the entire system and helps validate that all components work together as expected.

End-to-end testing complements other practices like integration testing and smoke testing by focusing on complete scenarios rather than single units or interfaces. When done well, it can catch issues that slip through earlier test stages and give teams more confidence before releases.

I’d love to hear how people here approach end-to-end testing in their projects. Do you automate these tests, run them manually, or use a mix of both? What challenges have you faced, and what tools or strategies helped you the most?

Looking forward to your insights.