Code complexity refers to how difficult it is to understand, maintain, and modify a piece of software. As applications grow, the logic often becomes more intricate, with nested conditions, long functions, and interdependent modules, all of which increase complexity. High code complexity can slow down development, make debugging harder, and increase the likelihood of introducing defects.

There are different ways to measure code complexity. Cyclomatic complexity counts the number of independent paths through the code, helping teams identify functions that are too intricate. Cognitive complexity, on the other hand, focuses on how difficult the code is for humans to read and understand. Both metrics give insight into areas that might need refactoring or additional testing.

Managing code complexity is crucial for maintaining software quality. Practices like modular design, clear naming conventions, code reviews, and test automation can help reduce complexity and catch errors early. By keeping code clean and understandable, teams can improve maintainability, accelerate development, and reduce the risk of regressions.

In essence, controlling code complexity isn’t just about writing neat code - it’s about building software that is reliable, scalable, and easier to evolve over time.